Fabrication and Characterization of Highly Oriented Composite Nanofibers with Excellent Mechanical Strength and Thermal Stability

Here, highly‐oriented poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide)/polyacrylonitrile multi‐walled carbon nanotube (PMIA/PAN‐MWCNT) composite nanofiber membranes with excellent mechanical strength and thermal stability are successfully produced using electrospinning. It is demonstrated that the cooperation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and high‐speed rotating collection is beneficial to the acquisition of highly oriented fibers and effectively improves the mechanical strength of the membrane along the orientation direction. Specifically, the tensile stress of poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide)/polyacrylonitrile (PMIA/PAN) membrane is enhanced significantly from 10.6 to 20.7 MPa, benefiting from the highly oriented alignment of the fibers as well as the reinforcing effect of MWCNTs on the fibers. Furthermore, the stressing process of single fiber and fiber aggregates is carefully simulated, and the influence of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of PMIA/PAN‐MWCNT membranes is analyzed comprehensively, providing a meaningful auxiliary means for the study of mechanical properties. In addition, the composite nanofiber membrane has the advantages of both PMIA and PAN, possessing high temperature resistance, flame‐retardancy, and chemical stability, for an ideal high‐temperature material. In short, the as‐prepared PMIA/PAN‐MWCNT composite membrane with excellent comprehensive property emerges a promising application in many fields, especially in high‐tech.     

Corrosion behaviour and mechanism of 6082 aluminium alloy in NaCl and Na2SO4 etchants

The corrosion behaviour of 6082 aluminium alloy was studied by measuring the electrochemical impedance spectra and electrode polarization curves. After the electrochemical tests, a microstructural analysis of the samples was conducted by using optical microscopy and electron scanning microscopy techniques to determine the corrosion mechanism. The results show that the Nyquist plot of the electrochemical impedance data in the NaCl solution consists of high- and low-frequency capacitive impedance loops. When ions are added to the NaCl etchant, the Nyquist plots of the electrochemical impedance data are composed of two different curves: a high-frequency capacitive impedance loop and a low-frequency inductive impedance loop. The corrosion current density increases with increasing concentration, and as a result, the corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy decreases. The microstructures of 6082 aluminium alloy consist of Mg₂Si secondary particles in a large α-Al matrix. Pitting corrosion initially occurs at the boundary between the matrix and secondary particles because the electrode potentials of the matrix and secondary particles are different. Then, corrosion paths develop along the network-like grain boundaries, and finally, massive network-like corrosion occurs throughout the entire alloy.     

石墨烯基电吸附电极材料的研究进展

电容去离子技术是一种高效节能、绿色环保的基于电化学双电层电容理论的电吸附脱盐技术。该技术的关键和核心在于电极材料的选择。石墨烯因具有较高的比表面积、电导率以及优异的物理化学特性,被认为是一种理想的电极材料。本文从石墨烯电极材料性能设计角度出发,归纳总结了针对石墨烯材料特性(亲水性、比表面积/孔隙、导电性)的研究现状,分析存在的问题,并展望了石墨烯基电容去离子电极材料的发展前景。     

ABET认证背景下分离工程课程量化评价体系的建设

课程量化评估体系建设对于实现学生综合素质和能力的培养十分关键。分离工程课程教学团队在 ABET认证背景下,基于“以学生为中心”和“持续改进”的教学理念,细化课程教学目标,构建了可量化的学生能力评价体系和课程的持续改进机制,并通过数据反馈不断改进教学,使专业培养目标在本课程中完美体现。课程量化评估体系的建设对于提升课程教学质量、实现专业培养目标、推进化工专业的国际化具有十分重要的意义。     

生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形

生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰，其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分，确定草木灰的肥料特征，通过添加NH₄H₂PO₄使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸（30%水溶液）作为复合肥的黏结剂，应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒，以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律，通过分析植物的形态及生理指标，进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明：最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃，聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用，并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染，在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎，纯草木灰肥效低等问题。     

Application of Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract as a washing agent to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale

The present study aimed to examine the antimicrobial activity of silkworm thorn (Cudrania tricuspidata) leaf extract (CTLE) and its application as a washing agent for fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale. The antimicrobial activities of CTLE at various concentrations against Listeria monocytogenes were determined using disc diffusion and viable cell count assays, and CTLE exhibited strong inactivation of L. monocytogenes. In particular, after the treatment with 0.4% CTLE, the protein content of L. monocytogenes cells was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 507.21 to 254.58 μg mL⁻¹, and damaged cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy. CTLE washing resulted in approximately 2-log reduction of microbial growth, similar to that of 0.01% NaOCl. In addition, CTLE washing did not affect the quality of romaine lettuce and kale. Therefore, these results suggest that CTLE is applicable as a new washing agent for inactivating L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale.     

载人航天器环热控一体化仿真分析

采用系统建模及仿真方法搭建了一种典型载人航天器环热控一体化系统模型，分析了系统的性能。针对3人7天载人飞行工况开展了仿真分析，结果表明，经过合理设计，该系统可将舱内温湿度、压力、氧分压等参数控制在航天医学指标要求范围内。环热控系统仿真结果较好地预测了系统工作过程，显示了主要参数的变化情况，结果合理，验证了仿真方法、系统仿真模型的正确性。通过控制流体回路外回路旁通阀门开度，可准确控制外回路控温点温度，保证舱内温湿度在合理范围之内。此外，外回路控温点的设定会对环热控系统状态带来影响，通过合理设计外回路控温点，可保证舱内温湿度满足航天医学指标要求。     

关于电石炉散点除尘灰在热电脱硫装置的应用研究

通过对散点除尘灰的成分进行分析,并结合生产实际,提出将散点除尘灰在干法及湿法脱硫系统使用,既有效利用了生产固废,又节省了生产成本。